Following is the summary of how harmonics affect on power system components.
GENERATOR: Production of pulsating or oscillating torques which involve torsional oscillations of rotor elements of TG set and rotor heating
MOTOR: Stator and rotor copper losses increase due to harmonic current flow, leakage flux created by harmonic currents causes additional stator and rotor losses, core loss increases due to harmonic voltages and positive sequence harmonics develop shaft torques that aid shaft rotations whereas negative sequence opposes it
TRANSFORMER: Stray losses increase due tom harmonic current flow, hysteresis losses increase, due to presence of high frequency harmonics resonance may occur between winding inductance and line capacitance
RELAYING: Mal-tripping may occur due to presence of harmonics which affects the time delay characteristics
SWITCHGEAR: Due to predominance of skin and proximity effects at higher frequencies, bus-bars behave like cables and transient recovery voltage changes which affect the operation of blow-out coils
CAPACITOR: Due to presence of harmonics, reactive power increases, dielectric losses increase causing additional heating and resonance and over-voltage may occur, resulting in reduced life
CABLES: Due to increased skin and proximity effects at higher frequencies, additional heating occurs, Rac increases and ac copper loss increases
CONSUMER EQUIPMENT: Life and efficiency reduce drastically
COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS: Noise creeps in transmitted signals
GENERATOR: Production of pulsating or oscillating torques which involve torsional oscillations of rotor elements of TG set and rotor heating
MOTOR: Stator and rotor copper losses increase due to harmonic current flow, leakage flux created by harmonic currents causes additional stator and rotor losses, core loss increases due to harmonic voltages and positive sequence harmonics develop shaft torques that aid shaft rotations whereas negative sequence opposes it
TRANSFORMER: Stray losses increase due tom harmonic current flow, hysteresis losses increase, due to presence of high frequency harmonics resonance may occur between winding inductance and line capacitance
RELAYING: Mal-tripping may occur due to presence of harmonics which affects the time delay characteristics
SWITCHGEAR: Due to predominance of skin and proximity effects at higher frequencies, bus-bars behave like cables and transient recovery voltage changes which affect the operation of blow-out coils
CAPACITOR: Due to presence of harmonics, reactive power increases, dielectric losses increase causing additional heating and resonance and over-voltage may occur, resulting in reduced life
CABLES: Due to increased skin and proximity effects at higher frequencies, additional heating occurs, Rac increases and ac copper loss increases
CONSUMER EQUIPMENT: Life and efficiency reduce drastically
COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS: Noise creeps in transmitted signals